1. What is the Tsunami Velocity Equation?

The tsunami velocity equation calculates the speed of a tsunami wave based on gravitational acceleration and ocean depth. It demonstrates how tsunami speed increases with water depth.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the tsunami velocity equation:

Where:

• \( V \) — Tsunami velocity (m/s)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s² on Earth)
• \( d \) — Ocean depth (m)

Explanation: The equation shows that tsunami speed is proportional to the square root of the water depth, meaning tsunamis travel faster in deeper ocean waters.

3. Importance of Tsunami Velocity Calculation

Details: Understanding tsunami velocity is crucial for early warning systems, evacuation planning, and predicting arrival times of tsunami waves across ocean basins.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter gravitational acceleration (typically 9.8 m/s² for Earth) and ocean depth in meters. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does tsunami speed depend on depth?
A: In deeper water, the wave has more energy and less friction with the ocean floor, allowing it to travel faster.

Q2: How fast can tsunamis travel?
A: In the deep ocean (4000-5000m depth), tsunamis can reach speeds of 600-800 km/h (jet plane speed), slowing down as they approach shallow coastal waters.

Q3: Does this equation work for all ocean waves?
A: This specific equation applies to shallow water waves like tsunamis where wavelength is much greater than water depth.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation for real tsunamis?
A: It provides a good theoretical approximation, but actual tsunami speed can be affected by ocean topography, temperature, and salinity variations.

Q5: Why is gravity included in the equation?
A: Gravity provides the restoring force that drives wave motion, making it a fundamental component of wave velocity calculations.